Which of the following is considered a technological disaster?

A technological disaster refers specifically to incidents that arise from human-made systems or structures failing, leading to significant harm to the surrounding environment and population. The failure of a dam is a prime example of this, as it involves a constructed system designed to manage water flow. When a dam fails, it can release a large volume of water downstream, causing catastrophic flooding, damaging infrastructure, and posing risks to human life.

In contrast, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and fires, while they can be exacerbated by human factors, primarily occur due to natural processes and are not categorized as technological disasters. Thus, the identification of dam failure as a technological disaster highlights the distinction between events stemming from human infrastructure and those caused by natural phenomena.